就近原则：1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.

=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.

2.neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.

3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.

=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoshanghainextSaturday.

4.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.

=NotonlyAnn'sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.

【主谓一致现象】

有一类连接词,其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致.此类连接词有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except(but),including等.例如：

Tracy,likemanygirls,lovesdancing.特蕾西像很多女孩一样,喜欢跳舞.

Allthestudents,includingTom,areleaving.所有的学生,包括汤姆都走了.

Nooneexcept(but)meknowsaboutthisnews.除了我没有人知道

就远原则

代表词汇：aswellas；（together/along）with；ratherthan；except；besides；but；including；inadditionto；apartfrom

E.G：HeratherthanIisright.

Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.

就远原则

①Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关.

②NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错.

③Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.

④Notonlyyouhut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了.